{"id":114,"date":"2009-11-29T10:56:10","date_gmt":"2009-11-29T18:56:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gayecho.com\/hiv\/?p=114"},"modified":"2016-08-08T11:15:49","modified_gmt":"2016-08-08T19:15:49","slug":"hiv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gayecho.com\/news\/hiv\/","title":{"rendered":"HIV"},"content":{"rendered":"

Koliko je HIV ?est?<\/strong><\/p>\n

U Srbiji je od 1985. zaklju?no sa 20.11.2008. godine zvani?no registrovano 2287 HIV pozitivnih osoba, page<\/a> od kojih su 1432 osobe (63%) obolele od AIDS-a (side), price<\/a> a 936 osoba je umrlo od AIDS-a (65% svih obolelih). Dominira grupisanje registrovanih HIV pozitivnih osoba (90%) na teritoriji centralne Srbije, treat<\/a> i to uglavnom na podru?ju grada Beograda (77%), koji kao i svaka metropola ima vi\u0161e zastupljeno rizi?no pona\u0161anje, ali i najve?i broj testiranja se obavi upravo u Beogradu.
\nBroj inficiranih, obolelih i umrlih mu\u0161karaca je trostruko ve?i u odnosu na \u017eene, \u0161to ukazuje na ve?u izlo\u017eenost mu\u0161karaca.
\nNajvi\u0161e HIV pozitivnih osoba dijagnostikovano je u uzrastu 25\u201339 godina (57%), a obolelih i umrlih od AIDS-a u uzrastu 30\u201349 godina (966 obolelih tj. 69% i 635 umrlih tj. 69%). Me?u decom uzrasta do 15 godina HIV infekcija je retka (3%), kao i me?u mladima uzrasta 15\u201324 godine (13%).
\nUkupno posmatrano vode?i na?in preno\u0161enja HIV-a me?u obolelim od AIDS-a je kori\u0161?enje zajedni?kog pribora me?u korisnicima droge (43%), koji sa hemofili?arima i primaocima krvi (8,5% i to zara\u017eenim uglavnom pre 1987. godine, od kada se svi dobrovoljni davoci krvi, tkiva i organa u Srbiji obavezno testiraju na HIV) ?ine vi\u0161e od polovine svih obolelih od AIDS-a zara\u017eenih putem krvi. Drugu veliku grupu me?u obolelima ?ine osobe koje su HIV \u201euzele\u201d neza\u0161ti?enim seksualnim odnosom, bilo sa osobom istog ili suprotnog pola (36%). Prenos HIV infekcije sa majke na dete je izuzetno redak (1,5%), dok za vi\u0161e od 11% obolelih, uglavnom mu\u0161karaca, nije prijavljen na?in zara\u017eavanja, \u0161to pobu?uje sumnju da zbog izra\u017eene stigmatizacije homoseksualnosti i prisutne homofobije u na\u0161em dru\u0161tvu, mu\u0161karci ?esto prikrivaju svoje rizi?no pona\u0161anje.<\/p>\n

\u0160ta izaziva HIV infekciju?<\/strong><\/p>\n

HIV je virus koji slabi imunolo\u0161ki sistem. HIV mo\u017ee da dovede do AIDS-a. AIDS je termin koji opisuje stadijum kada imunolo\u0161ki sistem vi\u0161e ne mo\u017ee da se bori zbog \u0161tete koju je uzrokovao HIV i specifi?ne bolesti po?inju da se pojavljuju.<\/p>\n

Koji su simptomi HIV infekcije?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ako se inficirate HIV-om ne?ete odmah osetiti simptome. Ali nedeljama nakon infekcije ima?ete simptome sli?ne gripu kao \u0161to su:
\n– groznica
\n– upala grla
\n– osim po telu.<\/p>\n

Mnogi ljudi nemaju ove simptome i oni mogu biti izazvani mnogim drugim infekcijama. Ako neko ima ove simptome, bilo bi pogre\u0161no da pomisli da odmah ima HIV.
\nMesecima ili godinama nakon \u0161to ste inficirani, HIV mo\u017ee da izazove simptome. Ali vremenom mo\u017eete dobiti simptome, infekcije i bolesti koje su uzrokovanom padom va\u0161eg imuniteta, kao \u0161to su otekle \u017elezde, gubitak te\u017eine, zapaljenje usta i grla i ostale infekcije koje se ne le?e lako.<\/p>\n

Kako se HIV tretira?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ne postoji vakcina niti lek za HIV. Ako imate HIV, mnoge bolesti koje dobijete mogu se dr\u017eati pod kontrolom lekovima. Lekovi tako?e mogu smanjiti koli?inu HIV-a u va\u0161em telu. Ako se neko testira i po?ne da se le?i pre nego \u0161to HIV previ\u0161e o\u0161teti imunolo\u0161ki sistem, lekovi odli?no deluju i mogu da o?ekuju da \u017eive dugo kao i osobe koje nisu HIV pozitivne.
\nLekove mo\u017eda ne?ete odmah dobiti. Testovi ?e pokazati kako se va\u0161e telo bori sa HIV-om pre nego \u0161to se odredi terapija. Terapija ?e mo\u017eda biti druga?ija zavisno od mesta gde se le?ite.<\/p>\n

Kako se HIV prenosi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

HIV se nalazi u telesnim te?nostima zara\u017eene osobe. Samo neke telesne te?nosti imaju dovoljno HIV-a da mogu da zaraze drugu osobu. Kod mu\u0161karaca te te?nosti su:
\n– krv
\n– sperma
\n– pre-cum (ejakulat koji izlazi iz penisa pre svr\u0161avanja)<\/p>\n

Tako?e u analnoj sluzi se nalazi dovoljno HIV-a da se infekcija prenese.
\nPljuva?ka, znoj i mokra?a nemaju dovoljno HIV virusa da bi se infekcija prenela.<\/p>\n

HIV se naj?e\u0161?e prenosi:<\/p>\n

– tokom seksa kada inficirane telesne te?nosti pre?u s jedne osobe u drugu i njen krvotok
\n– kada ljudi koji ubrizgavaju drogu ili steroide koriste istu iglu.<\/p>\n

HIV nije toliko zarazan kao ostale seksualno prenosive bolesti. HIV nije automatski prenesen svaki put kada se desi seks bez za\u0161tite, ali se mo\u017ee preneti svaki put. Ako je koncetracija virusa u telu vi\u0161a, onda postoji ve?a \u0161ansa da se desi prenos.<\/p>\n

Analni seks<\/strong><\/p>\n

HIV se naj?e\u0161?e prenosi seksualnim putem izme?u mu\u0161karaca koji imaju seks bez kondoma, i \u0161anse da se HIV prenese su ve?e ako:<\/p>\n

– mu\u0161karac koji je HIV pozitivan jebe mu\u0161karca koji ne zara\u017eenog mu\u0161karca (kada je HIV pozitivni mu\u0161karac aktivan)
\n– mu\u0161karac koji je HIV pozitivan svr\u0161i unutar nezara\u017eenog mu\u0161karca
\n– manja je \u0161ansa da se HIV prenese kada nezara\u017eeni mu\u0161karac jebe HIV pozitivnog (kada je HIV pozitivni mu\u0161karac pasivan), ali se ipak mo\u017ee desiti<\/p>\n

Kako se HIV prenosi tokom seksa?<\/strong><\/p>\n

HIV u spermi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Veliki je rizik ako zara\u017eena sperma dospe u ne?ije dupe. Ako mu\u0161karac koji je HIV pozitivan jebe nezara\u017eenog mu\u0161karca i svr\u0161i u njega, virus iz njegove sperme mo\u017ee da pre?e u krvotok kroz oblogu ?mara, jer ta obloga lako upija spermu. Iako HIV pozitivni mu\u0161karac iza?e pre nego \u0161to svr\u0161i, zara\u017eeni pre-cum mo\u017ee da prenese HIV virus.<\/p>\n

HIV i zidovi ?mara<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kada je mu\u0161karac u pasivnoj ulozi, njegov ?mar mo\u017ee da se oguli i da krvari. Krvarenje u ?maru pove?ava \u0161anse da se HIV prenese, bez obzira koji mu\u0161karac ima HIV.
\nHIV tako?e mo\u017ee da se na?e u analnoj sluzi. Penis dodiruje sluz tokom seksa i tako HIV mo\u017ee da dospe u krvotok kroz delikatnu ko\u017eu uretre (cevi kroz koju izlazi mokra?a), ko\u017eicu ili glavi?.<\/p>\n

HIV i penis<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tokom analnog seksa HIV mo\u017ee da dospe u penis aktivnog partnera kroz :
\n– delikatno i lako o\u0161tetljivu ko\u017eicu
\n– sun?erasto tkivo glavi?a
\n– uretru (mokra?na cev).<\/p>\n

Oralni seks (pu\u0161enje)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ne postoje podaci koliko je gej mu\u0161karaca dobilo HIV oralnim seksom, ali se de\u0161ava. Ve?ina gej mu\u0161karaca je HIV dobilo neza\u0161ti?enim analnim seksom, a manji broj ga dobije oralnim putem.<\/p>\n

Ako nemate HIV<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tokom oralnog seksa mo\u017eete smanjiti rizik od HIV-a tako \u0161to:
\n– sperma ne?e dospeti u va\u0161a usta
\n– odr\u017eavajte usta u dobrom stanju
\n– izbegavajte oralni seks ako imate upalu usta ili grla, infekciju ili je o\u0161te?eno
\n– testirajte se redovno da li imate seksualno prenosive bolesti u ustima ili grlu
\n– ako vam desni krvare, izbegavajte da perete zube pre seksa
\n– ne pu\u0161ite penis koji ima ranice na sebi
\n– koristite kondom pri oralnom seksu (postoje kondomi sa raznim ukusima)
\nPostoji mala razlika ako progutate ili ispljunete spermu.<\/p>\n

Ako imate HIV<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ako imate HIV:
\n– vodite ra?una da va\u0161a sperma ne dospe u ne?ija usta
\n– izbegavajte da pu\u0161ite penis koji ima ranice na sebi<\/p>\n

Prevencija<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rizik da se prenese HIV mo\u017ee da se smanji ako:
\n– koristite kondom i lubrikante bazirane na vodi pri analnom seksu
\n– koristite rukavice pri guranju \u0161ake u ?mar
\n– izbegavate da sperma ne dospe u va\u0161a usta ili u usta va\u0161eg partnera<\/p>\n

Nekada se preporu?ivalo da se za analni seks koriste deblji kondomi i mnogi ih jo\u0161 uvek koriste, ali studije pokazuju da se u regularni kondomi sasvim dovoljna za\u0161tita za analni seks.<\/p>\n

Lubrikanti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kori\u0161?enje lubrikanata podjednostavljuje analni seks i smanjuje se rizik da ?e kondom pu?i. Me?utim, lubrikanti na bazi ulja uni\u0161tavaju kondom i rukavica. To zna?i da kondom i rukavice ne idu najbolje u kombinaciji sa bebi uljem, kremama za sun?anje, kremama, losionima, vazelinom, uljem, margarinom\u2026<\/p>\n

Na na\u0161em tr\u017ei\u0161tu mo\u017eete kupiti:
\n– Durex play gel & lubricant
\n– u ve?ini Sex Shopova mo\u017eete kupiti lubrikante na bazi vode.<\/p>\n

Za fisting postoje posebni lubrikanti, ali ih je u Srbiji te\u0161ko nabaviti.<\/p>\n

PEP – Postekspoziciona profilaksa<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ako vam pukne kondom ili imate neza\u0161ti?eni seks, postekspoziciona profilaksa je jednomese?no le?enje anti-HIV lekovima koje mo\u017ee da smanji mogu?nost zaraze. PEP mora da se zapo?ne u 72 sata od infekcije, najbolje je 24 sata od infekcije.
\nPEP mo\u017ee da ima neprijatne efekte i ne garantuje da ?e uspeti.
\nPEP nije \u201ejutro posle pilula\u201c. Morate je uzimati ?etiri nedelje kako bi postojala \u0161ansa za izle?enje. PEP nije zamena za kondome. Za razliku od PEP, kondomi su jeftini i lako se nalaze i nemaju ne\u017eeljenih efekata.
\nPEP se mahom daje zdravstvenim radnicima koji su do\u0161li u kontakt sa virusom.<\/p>\n

Testiranje na HIV<\/strong><\/p>\n

HIV test se mahom izvodi uz pomo? va\u0161e krvi. HIV test danas tra\u017ei dva znaka infekcije:
\n– antitela (na\u0161e telo pravi antitela kako bi se borilo protiv infekcije)
\n– antigen (to je deo HIV virusa i mo\u017ee se na?i kod ljudi koji su pokupili virus u prethodnih nekoliko nedelje, pre nego \u0161to telo stvori antitela).<\/p>\n

\u0160ta zna?i pozitivan test?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ako ste dobili pozitivan test to zna?i:
\n– da se HIV pozitivni, da ste inficirani HIV virusom
\n– da mo\u017eete da inficirate druge
\nPozitivan test ne govori ni\u0161ta kakvo ?e va\u0161e zdravlje biti u budu?nosti i ne zna?i da imate AIDS ili da ?ete razviti AIDS.
\nAko ljudi znaju da imate HIV, to mo\u017ee da zna?i da ?ete se suo?iti sa predrasudama i neprijatnostima.<\/p>\n

\u0160ta zna?i negativan test?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ako ste dobili negativan rezultat, to zna?i da ste HIV negativni i da nemate HIV virus. Ali ovo je ta?no samo ako ste test uradili tri meseca nakon \u0161to ste imali rizi?an odnos.
\nAko ste imali rizi?an odnos i nakon toga se pokazalo da ste negativni to ne zna?i da mo\u017eete opet rizikovati u budu?nosti i ostati negativni. Niko nije imun na HIV.<\/p>\n

Koliko vremena posle rizi?nog odnosa treba uraditi test?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tri meseca nakon rizi?nog odnosa treba uraditi test. Toliko je vremena potrebno da bi se u va\u0161oj krvi pojavila antitela. Moderni i skuplji testovi mogu da detektuju HIV mnogo ranije, tako da nije potrebno ?ekati tri meseca.
\nTi testovi mogu da prona?u infekciju u periodu od 4-6 nedelja.<\/p>\n

Rezultati testa su individualni<\/p>\n

To \u0161to se va\u0161 partner testirao ne zna?i da i vi imate isti HIV status. Morate se sami testirati da bi ste ga saznali. Studije pokazuju da mnogi ljudi \u017eive u zabludi da su HIV pozitivni iako to nisu, dok su drugi u zabludi da ga nemaju iako su HIV pozitivni.<\/p>\n

Gde se mo\u017eete testirati:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Referentni centar za HIV\/AIDS u Republici Srbiji<\/strong>
\nInstitut za infektivne i tropske bolesti
\nBulevar oslobo?enja 16, Beograd
\n011\/2685-266 (prijemna slu\u017eba)<\/p>\n

Gradski zavod za javno zdravlje (Centar za HIV\/AIDS)<\/strong>
\nBeograd, Despota Stefana 54a ( 29. Novembra); IV sprat, soba 72
\nTel: 011\/32-30-038
\nRadno vreme: 9-12h<\/p>\n

Zavod za za\u0161titu zdravlja studenata (Centar za prevenciju side i PPI),<\/strong>
\nBeograd, Krunska 57;
\nTel: 011\/ 24 321 92; 011\/ 433-488; 430-814; 436-434; 3440-939
\nradno vreme: 08:30-17h<\/p>\n

Bosilegrad:<\/strong>
\nDom zdravlja (Centar za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti Vranje higijenskoepidemiolo\u0161ka
\nslu\u017eba);
\nBlat 66;
\nTel: 017\/878-232;
\nRadno vreme: petkom 10-12h<\/p>\n

Vranje:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje Vranje (Slu\u017eba epidemiologije);
\nJovana Jankovi?a Lunge 1;
\nTel: 017\/422-296 lokal 103;
\nRadno vreme: 8-14h<\/p>\n

Zaje?ar:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje Zaje?ar;
\nSremska 13, soba 14;
\nTel: 019\/422-477 lokal 120;
\nRadno vreme: 07:30-13:30<\/p>\n

Zrenjanin:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje Zrenjanin;
\nDr Emila Gavrila 15;
\nTel: 023\/566-345 lokal 121,133 i 138<\/p>\n

Kikinda:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje Kikinda;
\nKralja Petra I 70;
\nTel: 023\/421-102 lokal 110<\/p>\n

Kragujevac:<\/strong>
\nInstitut za javno zdravlje Kragujevac;
\nNikole Pa\u0161i?a 1;
\nTel: 034\/331-343;
\nRadno vreme: ponedeljkom i utorkom od 8h do 10h<\/p>\n

Kraljevo:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje Kraljevo;
\nSlobodana Penezi?a 16, soba 32;
\nTel: 036\/392-336<\/p>\n

Leskovac:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje Leskovac (Centar za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti);
\nMaksima Kova?evi?a 11, soba 12;
\nTel: 016\/241-724<\/p>\n

Ni\u0161:<\/strong>
\nInstitut za javno zdravlje Ni\u0161 (Savetovali\u0161te za DPST);
\nBulevar dr Zorana ?in?i?a 50, soba 38a;
\nTel: 018\/539-539;
\nRadno vreme: 8-13h<\/p>\n

Novi Sad:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje Vojvodine (Cenatr za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti);
\nFuto\u0161ka 121, II sprat, soba 54;
\nTel: 021\/4897-570;
\nRadno vreme: 7-13h<\/p>\n

Pan?evo:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje Pan?evo (Centar za prevenciju i kontrolu bolesti,
\nsavetovali\u0161te za HIV);
\nPasterova 2, I sprat, soba 101;
\nTel: 013\/310-466<\/p>\n

Po\u017earevac:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje Po\u017earevac;
\nJovana \u0160erbanovi?a 14, I sprat, soba 13;
\nTel: 012\/531-628;
\nRadno vreme: ?etvrkom od 13h do 20h<\/p>\n

Sombor:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje Sombor;
\nVojvo?anska 47;
\nTel: 025\/26-505<\/p>\n

Sremska Mitrovica:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje Sremska Mitrovica;
\nStari \u0160or 47; Ambulanta za vakcinaciju, prizemlje;
\nTel: 022\/610-511, lokal 108<\/p>\n

Subotica:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje Subotica;
\nZmaj Jovina 30;
\nTel: 024\/571-197;
\nRadno vreme: 7-14h<\/p>\n

U\u017eice:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje U\u017eice;
\nDr Veselina Marinkovi?a 4;
\nTel: 031\/563-150;
\nRadno vreme: 7:30-14:30<\/p>\n

?a?ak:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje ?a?ak (DPST Centar u okviru Doma zdravlja);
\nVeselina Mileti?a 25, soba 28;
\nTel: 032\/310-366<\/p>\n

\u0160abac:<\/strong>
\nZavod za javno zdravlje \u0160abac;
\nJovana Cviji?a 1, soba: Savetovali\u0161te za zarazne bolesti;
\nTel: 015\/343-605 lokal 113;
\nRadno vreme: 7-13h<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Koliko je HIV ?est? U Srbiji je od 1985. zaklju?no sa 20.11.2008. godine zvani?no registrovano 2287 HIV pozitivnih osoba, page od kojih su 1432 osobe (63%) obolele od AIDS-a (side), […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":416,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nHIV - GayEcho<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/gayecho.com\/news\/hiv\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"HIV - GayEcho\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Koliko je HIV ?est? 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